Top Subaru SUVs: A Comprehensive Review
Intro
When considering a new vehicle, particularly in the SUV category, it's vital to dive deep into various offerings to find the right match for your preferences and needs. Subaru has carved a niche for itself in the automotive market with its rugged yet refined vehicles, reflecting a solid blend of functionality, safety, and performance. This article sets out to elucidate the best Subaru SUVs available today, delving into their unique features, performance metrics, design aesthetics, and safety attributes.
The aim here is not merely to list the models, but to offer a detailed analysis that empowers prospective buyers. Whether you are navigating city streets, embarking on off-road adventures, or seeking a reliable family vehicle, Subaru's lineup has something tailored to diverse driving experiences. By comparing these vehicles against their competition, readers will glean insights that aid in making a well-informed purchasing decision.
Understanding the latest offerings in Subaru's SUV portfolio can also unveil how the brand differentiates itself in an increasingly crowded market. Each model brings distinctive characteristics to the table, and through careful examination, potential buyers can align their choices with their personal requirements.
Prologue to Subaru SUVs
Understanding the landscape of Subaru SUVs is vital for anyone considering a new vehicle, whether for daily commutes or adventurous getaways. The choice of an SUV goes beyond mere aesthetics; it involves practicality, safety, and the overall driving experience. Subaru, a brand known for its innovation and reliability, presents several models that meet diverse needs.
In this section, we will delve into the importance of Subaru SUVs. These vehicles not only serve as transportation but as an extension of the owner’s lifestyle. When choosing a Subaru, buyers often appreciate features such as all-wheel drive, which enhances capability in a variety of conditions, and safety systems that prioritize the well-being of passengers.
Additionally, the unique character of each Subaru SUV, from the compact Forester to the spacious Ascent, offers something for every type of driver. This variety is a cornerstone of Subaru’s strategy, aimed at attracting both families and individuals seeking utility without compromising on style or performance.
The Evolution of Subaru
Subaru has been in the automotive game for decades, transforming from a niche manufacturer to one recognized for its capability and innovation. Originally gaining traction with its compact cars and sporty sedans, Subaru began venturing into the SUV market in the 1990s. The early models were designed with functionality in mind, appealing to those who valued practicality in vehicles. Over the years, Subaru honed its offerings, integrating advanced technology and emphasizing a rugged persona that resonates with an adventurous audience.
Those changes reflect a broader shift in consumer preferences. With the rise of the outdoor enthusiast culture, Subaru tapped into the growing demand for vehicles that could handle both urban settings and rugged terrain. The brand paved the way with the All-Wheel Drive system, a feature that would become synonymous with Subaru's identity.
As a result, models like the Subaru Outback and Forester not only appealed to families but to those with active lifestyles. The evolution of these vehicles mirrors changing societal trends, showcasing Subaru's adaptability and understanding of market needs.
Subaru's Unique Selling Proposition
What sets Subaru apart in the highly competitive SUV market? It’s not just about performance or exterior design; it's a combination of distinctive features that create a compelling value proposition. One cornerstone is Subaru’s robust safety record. Vehicles like the Subaru Forester often achieve high ratings in crash tests, instilling confidence in buyers who prioritize safety.
Another aspect that stands out is the brand's dedication to all-weather capability. Subaru's famed all-wheel drive technology ensures that drivers can handle slippery roads and off-road conditions with ease. This brings peace of mind, particularly for those living in regions with inclement weather or frequently traveling to the great outdoors.
Moreover, Subaru has cultivated a strong community of enthusiasts, often referred to as "Subaru owners unite." This sense of belonging fosters brand loyalty. Owners often share their experiences and tips on platforms such as Reddit and social media groups. The enthusiasm around the Subaru lifestyle is a powerful marketing tool, as potential buyers see firsthand the enjoyment and adventures other owners have experienced.
Ultimately, the unique selling proposition of Subaru vehicles lies at the intersection of safety, versatility, and community, making them more than just a mode of transportation; they become part of a lifestyle.
"Subaru is not just a car; it's a commitment to adventure and safety that every driver feels."
As we explore the specific models, we will see how these elements come together to form strong choices for various drivers.
Overview of Popular Subaru SUV Models
When diving into the realm of Subaru SUVs, understanding the landscape of popular models is crucial. This section serves as a bridge to appreciate what each model offers, ensuring that buyers find what best suits their driving habits and lifestyle.
Subaru’s reputation for producing reliable, safe, and versatile vehicles shines brightly in its SUV lineup. Each model is designed not just for utility but also for performance and comfort, making them appealing for various demographics. Whether it’s the rugged adventurer or the family planner, there’s an option fit for every kind of driver.
Subaru Forester: A Comprehensive Review
The Subaru Forester stands as one of the flagships in Subaru’s catalog. It combines functionality with style, making it a highly regarded choice for many.
Design and Interior Features
The design of the Forester is characterized by its spacious and airy interior, which contributes immensely to the overall user experience. One key characteristic is the large windows and elevated seating position, offering excellent visibility, a boon for both city drivers and country explorers. It feels open and inviting, making you wanna sit back and enjoy the ride.
One unique feature worth noting is the standard all-weather floor mats. These are not just an aesthetic touch; they offer real protection against mud and spills, ensuring easy cleanup after adventures or even daily commutes. This feature stands out, particularly for families or outdoor enthusiasts.
Performance Metrics
Under the hood, the Forester doesn’t shy away from delivering a solid performance. It typically houses a 2.5-liter boxer engine, boasting enough power for both daily driving and weekend getaways. Subaru is known for its symmetric all-wheel-drive system, which enhances handling and stability. This aspect makes the Forester a popular pick among drivers who venture off the beaten path.
The vehicle’s fuel economy is another significant benefit—touting an impressive rating especially for a compact SUV, which cuts down on those fuel expenses.
Safety Ratings
Safety is a non-negotiable feature for most buyers, and here, the Forester shines brightly. It consistently earns high marks from safety organizations like the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS). A standout characteristic is its standard EyeSight Driver Assist Technology, which provides tools such as adaptive cruise control and pre-collision braking. This feature doesn’t just elevate peace of mind; it could potentially save lives.
Moreover, the structural integrity of the Forester contributes to its top safety ratings, reinforcing its reputation as one of the safest vehicles in its class.
Subaru Outback: Versatile by Nature
Next up, the Subaru Outback—a model that blurs the lines between crossover and wagon while maintaining versatility.
Cargo Space and Practicality
The Outback is renowned for its generous cargo space, making it a practical choice for errands or long trips. With approximately 32.5 cubic feet behind the rear seats, it can handle camping gear, groceries, or even a new piece of furniture if needed. This space is further expandable with the rear seats folded down, offering nearly 75 cubic feet.
A unique feature is the standard roof rails with integrated tie-downs, which provides added carrying capacity for outdoor sporting equipment—be it kayaks or bicycles—solidifying the Outback as a go-to for outdoor activities.
Off-Road Capabilities
Talking about versatility, the Outback has some serious off-road credentials. With its raised ground clearance and x-Mode feature, it can tackle rough terrains with poise, proving adept for rough weather conditions too. This characteristic of the Outback sets it apart from many competitors and aligns well with Subaru’s adventurous spirit.
Driver Assistance Features
In today's automotive landscape, advanced safety features are imperative, and the Outback does not fall short here. Equipped with Subaru’s suite of driver assistance technologies, including lane departure warning and blind-spot monitoring, the Outback is designed to keep its passengers safe.
What’s especially appealing is the functionality of these features—they work seamlessly in the background, helping drivers stay aware of their surroundings, which enhances the driving experience without being intrusive.
Subaru Ascent: The Family SUV
Finally, we arrive at Subaru’s largest offering, the Ascent, designed with families in mind.
Seating Arrangements and Comfort
The Ascent comfortably accommodates up to eight passengers across three rows. It's crafted for comfort, featuring high-quality materials, ensuring a pleasant interior ambiance. One major highlight is the spacious legroom in all rows, which is critical for long family road trips where comfort often takes center stage.
Another unique touch is the heated front seats available, making winter trips more enjoyable. Despite being a larger SUV, it retains that Subaru feel of being comfortable and cozy from the first ride.
Entertainment Systems
In a tech-driven world, the Subaru Ascent does not disappoint. It features a large touchscreen infotainment system with smartphone integration, so a family can stay connected and entertained. A unique feature is the option for a premium audio system that enhances the driving experience significantly.
This system is particularly popular among tech-savvy families who appreciate seamless connectivity as a key component of their driving experience.
Fuel Efficiency
Families often have budget constraints, so the Ascent's fuel efficiency stands out. While it’s a larger SUV, its performance is optimized for better fuel economy than many might expec. With ratings that can compete with smaller SUVs, the Ascent provides a practical solution to financial concerns in a family-oriented vehicle. It balances size and economy quite effectively, making it a wise choice.
In summary, understanding these popular Subaru SUV models helps potential buyers make informed decisions tailored to their needs, whether it’s the practical Forester, the versatile Outback, or the spacious Ascent.
Technical Aspects of Subaru SUVs
When diving into the pool of Subaru SUVs, one cannot overlook the relevance of technical aspects. These elements not only elevate the driving experience but also underscore the brand's commitment to reliability and performance. The mechanics behind all-wheel drive, engine specifications, and overall engineering are essential for understanding what makes Subaru SUVs a preferred choice among enthusiasts and casual drivers alike. By closely examining these facets, prospective buyers can gain valuable insights into the benefits Subaru offers compared to competitors.
All-Wheel Drive Technology
Mechanics of AWD
Subaru is largely recognized for its robust all-wheel drive technology, a fundamental characteristic that differentiates its SUVs from others in the market. The mechanics of all-wheel drive (AWD) provide enhanced traction and stability on various terrains. This system is designed to automatically distribute power to all four wheels, ensuring that each wheel receives optimal support, particularly in challenging conditions such as wet, snowy, or uneven roads. It’s an ingenious method that emphasizes performance and safety.
One of the key advantages of Subaru's AWD is its active system. Unlike traditional four-wheel drive, which often requires manual engagement, Subaru's design continuously evaluates road conditions, adjusting power distribution as necessary. This responsive feature amplifies the driving experience by offering drivers peace of mind, knowing full well that they can handle sudden changes in road conditions. However, while AWD does enhance stability and control, it also adds some weight to the vehicle, which can marginally affect fuel efficiency compared to 2WD models.
Impact on Driving Experience
The impact of all-wheel drive technology on the driving experience is significant. Subaru's implementation of AWD provides a seamless transition across various surfaces, allowing drivers to focus on the journey ahead rather than worrying about potential road hazards. The confidence that comes with knowing your SUV is equipped to tackle anything Mother Nature throws at it cannot be understated, lending it a trustworthy reputation.
One unique feature worth highlighting is Subaru's X-MODE, which comes into play in off-road and low-traction situations. This system optimizes engine performance and enhances traction on rough terrains, making Subaru SUVs exceptionally capable even when venturing off the beaten path. Nevertheless, while the AWD system offers unmatched performance in adverse weather, drivers may notice that it can lead to a bit more tire wear over time, especially if frequently engaged.
Engine Specifications and Performance
Powertrains Offered
When it comes to engine specifications, Subaru doesn't cut corners, which is crucial for overall vehicle performance. Most Subaru SUVs are equipped with a boxer engine. This unique engine layout promotes a lower center of gravity, enhancing stability and handling. Most notably, the engines are available in varying outputs that cater to different driving styles and needs—ranging from efficiency-focused models to those aimed at delivering a spirited performance.
One of the highlights is Subaru’s turbocharged options available in select models like the Outback, which delivers a punchy drive while maintaining reasonable fuel economy. This powerful combination makes the engine choices appealing for both city commuting and weekend adventures. However, it is essential to consider that while turbocharged engines deliver immediate power, they might require more regular maintenance to ensure long-term reliability.
Towing Capacity Overview
Lastly, the towing capacity of Subaru SUVs warrants attention due to its significance for potential buyers who require versatility in their vehicle usage. Most Subaru SUVs offer respectable towing capacities, often ranging from 1,500 to 5,000 pounds depending on the model and trim. For instance, the Ascent can tow a significant weight, making it ideal for families who enjoy road trips or those who need to haul equipment for hobbies such as boating or camping.
The unique advantage here is that Subaru’s AWD complements towing capabilities by providing the necessary traction, particularly on inclines or when conditions turn tricky. Nevertheless, those planning to tow should always be aware of their vehicle's specifications and ensure they are within the safe towing limits. The balance between capability and operational safety makes Subaru a strong contender in the SUV marketplace.
Safety and Reliability Ratings
When it comes to selecting a vehicle, safety and reliability often sit high on the priority list for most buyers. The same principle applies when zeroing in on Subaru SUVs. Over the years, Subaru has earned a reputation for building robust and reliable vehicles that offer peace of mind behind the wheel. This section delves into why these aspects are crucial, especially in the context of family-oriented options and adventure-seeking models.
Crash Test Results
Subaru SUVs routinely receive high marks in crash tests conducted by government and independent safety organizations. For many car buyers, these results are not just numbers; they reflect how well a vehicle can protect its occupants in the event of an accident. The Forester, for example, consistently scores five stars in crash safety ratings, thanks to its solid construction and advanced safety features.
- Frontal Crash Protection: Crucial for head-on collisions, Subaru's sensor systems play a key role in avoiding such scenarios.
- Side Impact Ratings: With reinforced frames, the SUVs provide an additional layer of protection.
- Rollover Resistance: Subaru’s low center of gravity, coupled with its all-wheel-drive system, minimizes the likelihood of rollover accidents.
These high ratings are influenced by Subaru's commitment to continuous improvement. They heavily invest in research and development to adopt cutting-edge technologies. Beyond just a tally of stars, these safety ratings translate into real-world protections that cannot be overlooked.
"High safety ratings not only assure drivers but also contribute to better insurance premiums in the long run."
Long-term Reliability Studies
Reliability often translates to brand loyalty in the auto industry, and Subaru is no exception. Various long-term reliability studies consistently bring Subaru to the forefront when compared to its competitors. Many drivers boast about their Subaru models, claiming they keep running smoothly well past the 100,000-mile mark. Here are a few points worth noting:
- Maintenance Costs: Generally lower than rivals, making Subarus an economical choice.
- Durability: Owners appreciate the longevity of Subaru SUVs, often passing them down through generations.
- Owner Satisfaction: Surveys frequently highlight a high rate of satisfaction among Subaru owners, particularly in states known for harsh weather as they are praised for handling snowy or rugged terrains easily.
Subaru’s reputation for reliability not only appeals to new buyers but also nurtures a community that holds long-term loyalty to the brand. With a focus on producing vehicles that withstand the tests of time, Subaru cultivates trust in its customers, setting them apart from many automakers in the crowded SUV market.
Comparative Analysis of Subaru SUVs and Competitors
When grappling with the decision to invest in a Subaru SUV, a comparative analysis against its rivals becomes paramount. Understanding how Subaru stands up against key competitors like Honda, Toyota, and Ford helps prospective buyers navigate their choices wisely. It’s not only about the specifications or the flashy features; it’s also about how these models meet real-world needs. Looking at aspects like reliability, safety, performance, and technology integration gives consumers a well-rounded perspective of what Subaru can offer compared to its peers.
Subaru vs. Honda CR-V
The Honda CR-V has occupied a significant spot in the SUV category for years, well-known for its practicality and decent fuel efficiency. On the other side, Subaru's offerings tend to venture into more rugged terrains, appealing to outdoor enthusiasts. While both SUVs provide ample space and a comfortable ride, here's what makes them distinct:
- AWD & Off-Roading: Subaru's all-wheel-drive capability stands out, enabling journeys off the beaten path. The CR-V can handle simple excursions but doesn’t quite match Subaru’s adventurous spirit.
- Interior Comfort: Honda places a heavy emphasis on a more sophisticated and plush interior, which can sometimes feel more upscale than Subaru's functional yet sturdy cabin.
- Resale Value: The common perception is that Subaru vehicles retain value quite nicely, owing to their reputation for reliability, sometimes edging out the CR-V in the long run.
Subaru vs. Toyota RAV4
Both Subaru and Toyota have become household names for reliability. However, their approach differs significantly. The Toyota RAV4 shines in fuel efficiency and urban-friendly design, making it a popular choice for city dwellers, while Subaru's focus goes beyond fuel efficiency to an all-weather drive experience:
- Hybrid Options: Toyota has made a significant mark with its hybrid technology, offering RAV4 consumers eco-friendly choices that Subaru has only recently begun to explore.
- Safety Features: Subaru prides itself on the extensive suite of safety features across most of its models, often scoring higher in crash tests, presenting a compelling argument for safety-conscious buyers.
- Cargo Space: The RAV4 may provide a bit more in storage capacity, particularly in the hybrid variants, appealing to those who prioritize hauling gear, yet Subaru’s Forester maximizes space efficiently for adventures.
Subaru vs. Ford Escape
The Ford Escape diverges from the performance focus of Subaru, aiming for a more technology-driven experience. Here are some comparisons:
- Engine Choices: The Escape offers diverse engine choices, including hybrids and plug-in hybrids, catering to a wide array of preferences. Subaru’s offering is more standard; it tends to stick to its boxer engine ethos.
- Tech Integration: Ford leads in infotainment and tech features that trendy drivers value; Subaru tends to focus on driving experience enhancement, like ruggedness and stability during adverse weather.
- Build Quality: Subarus tend to showcase sturdier construction aimed at durability in outdoor conditions, while the Escape may shine in terms of comfort and tech but may lag behind in longevity under rough usage.
Consumer Considerations
When it comes to choosing a vehicle, especially within the realm of SUVs, a host of factors come into play that can make or break a decision. For potential buyers navigating the sea of options that Subaru has to offer, understanding consumer considerations is essential. This section delves into various elements like pricing trends, resale value, and market demands, providing a framework for making informed choices. Bypassing these aspects could lead to unnecessary buyer's remorse or, at best, a vehicle that doesn't fit one's lifestyle. Let's take a closer look at these considerations, which serve as the foundation for any thoughtful car purchase.
Pricing Trends in the Market
When evaluating Subaru SUVs, it's crucial to pay attention to pricing trends. One will find that the cost of a Subaru can fluctuate based on various factors such as model year, features, and even dealership location. It’s quite common for consumers to feel overwhelmed by the array of prices. However, a bit of research can reveal some interesting insights.
- Supply and Demand: Naturally, if a particular model gains popularity, you can expect its price to climb. Alternatively, if stock is high and consumer interest wanes, you might score a decent deal.
- Seasonal Offers: Dealerships often provide promotional pricing during certain times of the year, like around holidays or during end-of-year sales. Keep an eye on these events to snag a better price.
- Gas Prices and Economic Conditions: Fluctuating fuel costs can also impact the pricing of SUVs, especially those that are less fuel-efficient. When gas prices soar, the demand for more economical models tends to increase, affecting prices accordingly.
Taking these factors into consideration not only helps prospective buyers understand the price they should expect but also aids in negotiating a better deal.
Resale Value Insights
Another important aspect for potential Subaru buyers to reflect on is the resale value of their vehicle. In today’s market, knowing the potential depreciation of the vehicle is almost like having a secret weapon that could be the difference between a good investment and a poor one. Subaru vehicles, in general, have fared well in this department due to a few reasons:
- Brand Reputation: Subaru has cultivated a strong reputation for reliability and safety over the years. Buyers often trust it, which keeps resale values more stable.
- All-Wheel Drive Appeal: The all-wheel drive feature, standard in most Subaru SUVs, appeals to a wide range of consumers—from those living in harsh climates to outdoor enthusiasts. This broad appeal can bolster resale demand.
- Market Demand: Some models, like the Subaru Forester and Subaru Outback, are constantly in demand in the used car market, which can lead to higher resale values compared to other brands.
"Understanding the intricacies of resale value can empower consumers to maximize their investment in a vehicle."
In closing, being savvy about both pricing trends and resale values can significantly affect the overall cost of ownership for Subaru SUVs. It's not just about what you pay up front; it's about how that investment holds up over time. Thoughtful considerations can pave the way to a satisfying ownership experience.
Future Trends in Subaru SUVs
As the automotive landscape continually evolves, Subaru remains focused on aligning its offerings with the future demands of consumers. The notion of future trends in Subaru SUVs is not merely a speculative exercise; it's a strategic overview that encapsulates where the brand is headed and how it aims to meet the expectations of modern drivers. Considering the increasing environmental consciousness, the necessity for technological advancements, and the evolving consumer preferences, understanding these trends provides valuable insights for potential buyers and automotive enthusiasts alike.
Subaru has a lot on its plate, not just in retaining loyal customers but in attracting new ones, especially amidst the vast competition in the SUV market. Discussions about the electrification of Subaru models and innovative technologies point towards a significant shift in how Subaru envisions its models moving forward.
Electrification of Subaru Models
The electrification of vehicles is becoming as commonplace as a cup of coffee in the morning. Subaru is embracing this shift, planning to electrify a larger portion of its lineup in the coming years. This transition is vital not just for regulatory compliance but for meeting consumer demand for more sustainable options. By introducing hybrids and all-electric vehicles, Subaru is signaling to its audience that it recognizes the pressing need to reduce carbon footprints.
- Benefits of Electrified SUVs:
- Reduced emissions, contributing to cleaner air.
- Lower operational costs for drivers, particularly with rising fuel prices.
- Quiet operations, enhancing the driving experience.
A recent report suggests that many consumers prioritize sustainability when they shop, meaning this move could potentially catapult Subaru into a favorable position against competitors, particularly as players like Ford and Toyota innovate within the electric segment.
Innovative Technologies and Features
On another note, Subaru isn't just looking at propulsion systems; they're also honing in on the advanced technologies that consumers have come to expect. Features like artificial intelligence in navigation systems, connectivity options that allow for seamless integration with smartphones, and enhanced driver assistance technologies are becoming staples. These technologies make driving not just safer but also more enjoyable.
- Key Technological Innovations:
- Safety Focused Tech: Subaru’s EyeSight Driver Assist technology continues to pave the way for safety advancements, offering features like pre-collision braking and adaptive cruise control.
- Smart Connectivity: Integration with platforms such as Apple CarPlay and Android Auto is more than a perk; it's nearly a requirement nowadays.
- User Customization: Tailoring features to individual users will see Subaru catering to specific consumer behaviors, making the driving experience feel more personalized.
"Embracing innovation is not just about flashy gimmicks; it’s about creating a driving environment that anticipates and responds to the needs of the driver."
Ending
In wrapping up our exploration into Subaru SUVs, it's crucial to highlight the essential elements that make these vehicles stand out. The conclusion serves to synthesize the insights gleaned from the detailed reviews and comparisons throughout this article. By pinpointing the standout features of each model, we establish a clearer perspective on what prospective buyers can expect from their investment in a Subaru SUV.
Understanding the unique qualities of Subaru's lineup—from their reliability and safety features to the exceptional performance offered by their all-wheel-drive technology—empowers consumers to make informed choices. This is not merely about recommending a car; it’s about aligning the right vehicle with individual needs and lifestyle requirements. Whether one values spaciousness, tech features, or fuel efficiency, Subaru has options that speak to these desires.
Furthermore, as the automotive landscape evolves, Subaru remains committed to integrating innovative technologies while keeping their core values intact. This balance between tradition and modernity enhances their appeal to a wide range of consumers, including families and outdoor enthusiasts alike.
Lastly, being well-informed about pricing trends and resale values enriches the decision-making process. Knowledge of these aspects contributes not just to initial satisfaction but also to long-term ownership joy. Hence, our conclusion encapsulates the idea that selecting the best Subaru SUV involves a thoughtful consideration of what each model offers against one’s personal criteria.
"Investing in a vehicle is seldom merely a financial décision; it's a lifestyle choice that resonates with your daily experiences."
Summary of Key Points
- Unique Selling Filters: Subaru vehicles leverage distinctive features like all-wheel drive and safety advancements.
- Diverse Model Range: Each model, such as the Forester, Outback, and Ascent, offers tailored experiences for varying needs.
- Safety & Reliability Focus: Consistent safety ratings and reliability contribute to a solid brand reputation.
- Future Evolution: Subaru’s move towards electrification and tech advancements aligns them with coming market trends.
Final Thoughts on Choosing the Best Subaru SUV
Ultimately, selecting the right Subaru SUV is about understanding which model aligns best with your day-to-day life. When it comes to features, it’s vital to assess whether you prioritize performance, comfort, or technical innovations. Consider test-driving the models you’re interested in—there’s no substitute for firsthand experience.
Additionally, take into account your lifestyle needs. Family-oriented buyers may favor the spaciousness of the Ascent, while off-road enthusiasts might find solace behind the wheel of the rugged Forester.
Lastly, stay updated on market trends and Subaru’s future directions. The growth trajectory of electric vehicles could signal important shifts in offering and availability, thus influencing your decision long term.
Thus, choice and knowledge intersect at the heart of making a savvy purchase in navigating Subaru's robust offerings in today’s diverse automotive landscape.
